Flame-made chemoresistive gas sensors and devices

Combustion aerosol technology has distinct advantages for the assembly of chemoresistive gas sensors compared to their traditional wet chemistry synthesis. These are traced combustion's steep temperature gradients and high particle concentrations during sensing formation film deposition. This gives direct access a plethora material compositions (e.g. metastable phases, solid solutions, mixed oxides) fractal-like porous but rigid structures that can lead unique sensor selectivity, sensitivity stability along with short response recovery times. Here, flame-made reviewed tutorially quantitatively. First, basics introduced focusing on relationship between morphology agglomerated vs. aggregated) heterogeneity noble metal surface clusters) including embedding metals into oxides, feature particles. Then, distinguished those made by conventional wet-deposition particles flame deposition onto substrates. The fundamentals combustion synthesis ceramic emphasis films as be monitored in situ, another processes. is followed presentation evolution based SnO2, WO3, ZnO, TiO2 other materials) respect selective key analytes (ethanol, NO2, CO, acetone, isoprene, H2 etc.). Finally, systems (arrays catalytic or chromatographic filters) integration devices validation under realistic conditions presented. Examples like carcinogenic formaldehyde monitoring indoor air, fat metabolism human breath distinction toxic methanol from ethanol alcoholic beverages hand sanitizers elaborated demonstrate immediate practical impact sensors.